#The Basics of Dental Fillings

If you've ever had a cavity, you've likely needed a dental filling. Dental fillings are one of the most common treatments in dentistry and help repair damage to teeth caused by decay. Getting a filling can help protect your tooth and prevent further decay and damage. In this post, we'll take a comprehensive look at dental fillings, including the different types, what to expect during the procedure, and how to take care of fillings after they are placed.

##What is a Dental Filling?

A dental filling is a restoration placed in a tooth to restore its function, integrity, and morphology. Fillings help repair teeth damaged by decay. Dentists use fillings to fill in holes and cracks caused by tooth decay.

Fillings are also used to repair teeth that are cracked, chipped, or worn. Basically, fillings “fill in” gaps and holes in teeth. They are made of metal, porcelain, composite resin, or glass ionomer cement material. The goal of fillings is to restore the natural shape, function, and appearance of teeth after they are damaged.

##Reasons for Getting a Filling

There are several reasons you may need a dental filling, including:

Tooth decay - This is the most common reason. Dental decay occurs when plaque builds up on teeth and causes damage over time. Fillings repair holes in teeth caused by decay.
Cracked or broken teeth - Cracks or broken teeth need to be repaired with fillings to prevent further damage.
Worn teeth - Teeth can become worn down over time from grinding, chewing hard foods, or other factors. Fillings can reshape and rebuild worn teeth.
Chipped teeth - Small chips in teeth need to be repaired to prevent cracks and additional breaks.
Discolored teeth - Sometimes fillings are also used to cover discolored or stained teeth.

##Types of Dental Fillings

There are several types of dental fillings available, each made of different materials:

##Amalgam Fillings

Amalgam fillings are a metal mixture containing liquid mercury, silver, tin, copper, and sometimes other metals like zinc.
Amalgam fillings are inexpensive, durable, and long-lasting. The average lifespan is 10-15 years.
Because they contain mercury, many people are turning to other filling options. However, amalgam is still considered safe by the ADA and many dental professionals.

##Composite Resin Fillings

Composite fillings contain a mixture of plastic resin and fine glass particles. The resin mixture is colored to match the natural color of teeth.
Composite resin fillings are tooth-colored, so they blend in with teeth and look natural. This makes them popular for visible areas of front teeth.
Composite fillings are more expensive than amalgam and may not last as long. The average lifespan is 5-7 years.

##Glass Ionomer Cement Fillings

Glass ionomer fillings are made of glass combined with an organic acid. They are tooth-colored but translucent.
These fillings may provide some protection against new decay because they release fluoride.
Glass ionomer fillings are typically used for baby teeth, root sensitivity, and non-biting surfaces. They are not as durable as other filling types.

##Ceramic Fillings

Ceramic fillings are made of ceramic and come in a few types: porcelain, ceramic, and glass.
Ceramic fillings are natural looking, long-lasting, and ideal for visible front teeth areas. However, they are the most expensive type of filling.
Ceramic fillings can last around 10-15 years with proper care. They are very durable and resist staining.

##Gold Fillings

Gold fillings are made from a gold alloy mixture containing some silver, copper, and other metals.
Gold fillings are extremely durable and can last over 15 years. However, they are not frequently used today because they are visible and expensive.
Gold fillings may be a good option for back molars since they are strong and long-lasting. The metal does not cause sensitivity or staining.

##The Filling Procedure: What to Expect

Placing a dental filling is usually quick and painless. Here's what you can expect:

The dentist will numb the area with local anesthesia before starting work on your tooth. You'll receive an injection of lidocaine to numb the area.
The decayed portion of the tooth is then removed using a drill. Lasers may sometimes be used. The drill removes all infected decayed enamel and dentin.
The dentist will shape the hole from the decay into a wedge-like shape so the filling can bond. This may involve using an acid gel to slightly roughen the surfaces to allow the filling to adhere.
The filling material (amalgam, composite, etc) is shaped and molded into the prepared hole. It is then hardened using a curing light or chemical process.
The filling is smoothed and polished into the ideal shape and bite.
The entire process usually takes around 30-90 minutes depending on the size of the cavity and filling.
After the numbness wears off a few hours later, the filled tooth may be sensitive to hot and cold. This typically resolves within a few days.

##Caring for Fillings

It's important to properly care for your fillings to maximize their longevity. Here are some tips:

Brush gently around fillings at least twice per day.
Floss daily to remove plaque and prevent new decay from forming around fillings.
Rinse with an antibacterial mouthwash to prevent decay around fillings.
Avoid biting down directly on hard foods and objects with filled teeth.
Have any chipped or damaged fillings repaired right away.
See your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings.
Inform your dentist if you experience any sensitivity, pain, or discomfort from a filling.

##When to Replace Fillings

Dental fillings do not last forever. The lifespan of a filling depends on the material, location, biting forces, and your oral hygiene. Good oral care can help fillings last many years. However, at some point, worn or defective fillings will need to be repaired or replaced.
Signs a filling may need replacing include:

Visible cracking, chipping, or fracturing of the filling
Decay forming at the edges of the filling
A gap forming at the edge of the filling where it meets the tooth
Shifting or loose filling material
Staining or discoloration at the filling margins
Sensitivity or pain around the filling area

See your dentist immediately if you notice any of these signs. Left untreated, damaged fillings can lead to further decay, tooth infections, and in some cases tooth loss.

##The Takeaway

Getting a dental filling is a quick and effective method to repair tooth decay and damage. Fillings come in several types of materials, including amalgam, composite, glass ionomer, and ceramic. The filling procedure involves removing decay and restoring the tooth with the filling material. With proper oral hygiene and regular dental visits, dental fillings can last many years before needing repair or replacement. Talk to your dentist if you suspect an existing filling is defective or if you have any tooth pain or sensitivity that could indicate the need for a filling.

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